8: Operating System
Processes, threads, inter‐process communication, concurrency and synchronization
.
Deadlock. CPU scheduling
. Memory management and virtual memory. File systems.
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Computer Science and Information Technology
7: Compiler Design
Lexical analysis, parsing, syntax-directed translation
. Runtime environments. Intermediate code generation.
. Runtime environments. Intermediate code generation.
Computer Science and Information Technology
6: Theory of Computation
Regular expressions and finite automata
. Context-free grammars and push-down automata. Regular and contex-free languages, pumping lemma
. Turing machines and undecidability.
. Context-free grammars and push-down automata. Regular and contex-free languages, pumping lemma
. Turing machines and undecidability.
Computer Science and Information Technology
5: Algorithms
Searching, sorting, hashing
. Asymptotic worst case time and space complexity
. Algorithm design techniques: greedy, dynamic programming and divide‐and‐conquer
. Graph search, minimum spanning trees, shortest paths.
. Asymptotic worst case time and space complexity
. Algorithm design techniques: greedy, dynamic programming and divide‐and‐conquer
. Graph search, minimum spanning trees, shortest paths.
Computer Science and Information Technology
4: Programming and Data Structures
Programming in C
. Recursion. Arrays, stacks, queues, linked lists, trees, binary search trees, binary heaps, graphs.
. Recursion. Arrays, stacks, queues, linked lists, trees, binary search trees, binary heaps, graphs.
Computer Science and Information Technology
3: Computer Organization and Architecture
Machine instructions and addressing modes
. ALU, data‐path and control unit. Instruction pipelining
. Memory hierarchy: cache, main memory and secondary storage; I/O interface (interrupt and DMA mode).
. ALU, data‐path and control unit. Instruction pipelining
. Memory hierarchy: cache, main memory and secondary storage; I/O interface (interrupt and DMA mode).
CS Computer Science and Information Technology
CS Computer Science and Information Technology
Section1: Engineering Mathematics
Discrete Mathematics: Propositional and first order logic
. Sets, relations, functions, partial
orders and lattices
. Groups. Graphs: connectivity, matching, coloring
. Combinatorics:
counting, recurrence relations, generating functions
.
Linear Algebra: Matrices, determinants, system of linear equations, eigenvalues and
eigenvectors, LU decomposition
.
Calculus: Limits, continuity and differentiability
. Maxima and minima. Mean value
theorem. Integration
.
Probability: Random variables
. Uniform, normal, exponential, poisson and binomial
distributions
. Mean, median, mode and standard deviation. Conditional probability and
Bayes theorem.
Digital Logic Boolean algebra
Digital Logic
Boolean algebra
. Combinational and sequential circuits. Minimization
. Number representations and computer arithmetic (fixed and floating point)
. Combinational and sequential circuits. Minimization
. Number representations and computer arithmetic (fixed and floating point)
CS Computer Science and Information Technology Section1
CS Computer Science and Information Technology
Section1: Engineering Mathematics
Discrete Mathematics: Propositional and first order logic
. Sets, relations, functions, partial
orders and lattices
. Groups. Graphs: connectivity, matching, coloring
. Combinatorics:
counting, recurrence relations, generating functions
.
Linear Algebra: Matrices, determinants, system of linear equations, eigenvalues and
eigenvectors, LU decomposition
.
Calculus: Limits, continuity and differentiability
. Maxima and minima. Mean value
theorem. Integration
.
Probability: Random variables
. Uniform, normal, exponential, poisson and binomial
distributions
. Mean, median, mode and standard deviation. Conditional probability and
Bayes theorem.
Hello World Example
Hello World Example
A C program basically consists of the following parts:
Preprocessor Commands
Functions
Variables
Statements & Expressions
Comments
Let us look at a simple code that would print the words "Hello World":
#include
int main()
{
/* my first program in C */
printf("Hello, World! \n");
return 0;
}
Let us take a look at the various parts of the above program:
3. The next line /*...*/ will be ignored by the compiler and it has been put to add additional comments in the program. So such lines are called comments in the program.
Installation on Windows
Installation on Windows
To install GCC on Windows, you need to install MinGW
. To install MinGW, go to the MinGW
homepage, www.mingw.org, and follow the link to the MinGW download page
. Download the
latest version of the MinGW installation program, which should be named MinGW-
.exe
Installation on Mac OS
Installation on Mac OS
Installation on Mac OS
If you use Mac OS X, the easiest way to obtain GCC is to download the Xcode development
environment from Apple's web site and follow the simple installation instructions. Once you
have Xcode setup, you will be able to use GNU compiler for C/C++.
Xcode is currently available at developer.apple.com/technologies/tools/.
Installation on UNIX/Linux
Installation on UNIX/Linux
If you are using Linux or UNIX, then check whether GCC is installed on your system by
entering the
following command from the command line:
$ gcc -v
If you have GNU compiler installed on your
machine, then it should print a message as follows:
Using built-in specs.
Target: i386-redhat-linux
Configured with: ../configure --prefix=/usr .......
Thread model: posix
gcc version 4.1.2 20080704
(Red Hat 4.1.2-46)
If GCC is not installed, then you will have to install it yourself using the detailed
instructions
available at http://gcc.gnu.org/install/.
This tutorial has been written based on Linux and
all the given examples have been compiled
on the Cent OS flavor of the Linux system.
The C Compiler
The C Compiler
The source code written in source file is the human readable source for your program. It
needs to be "compiled" into machine language so that your CPU can actually execute the
program as per the instructions given.
The compiler compiles the source codes into final executable programs. The most frequently
used and free available compiler is the GNU C/C++ compiler, otherwise you can have
compilers either from HP or Solaris if you have the respective operating systems.
The following section explains how to install GNU C/C++ compiler on various OS. m We keep
mentioning C/C++ together because GNU gcc compiler works for both C and C++
programming languages.
Quick Start with C
programming language is perhaps the most popular programming language. C was created in 1972 by
Dennis Ritchie at the Bell Labs in USA as a part of UNIX operating system. C was also used to
develop some parts of this operating system. From that time C programming language has been the
de facto programming language when fast programs are needed or the software needs to interact
with the hardware in some way. Most of the operating systems like Linux, Windows™, and Mac™ are either
developed in C language or use this language for most parts of the operating system and the tools coming
with it.
This course is a quick course on C Programming language. In our first lesson we will first write our first
C program. We will then learn about printing to screen, variables and functions. We assume that you are
familiar with at least one of the popular operating system
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